{"id":3418,"date":"2022-05-22T21:40:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-22T21:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgtgroup.net\/sourcing-apparel-vertical-vs-horizontal-integration-pros-cons\/"},"modified":"2024-05-11T10:05:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T10:05:12","slug":"sourcing-habillement-integration-verticale-vs-horizontale-avantages-inconvenients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sgtgroup.net\/fr\/sourcing-habillement-integration-verticale-vs-horizontale-avantages-inconvenients\/","title":{"rendered":"Approvisionnement en v\u00eatements : Int\u00e9gration verticale et horizontale (avantages et inconv\u00e9nients)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>Avec&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sourcemygarment.com\/blog-posts\/fibres-to-fabric-the-cost-of-fabric-production\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">almost 70% of direct garment cost in textile products coming from raw materials<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, finding the structure that delivers the lowest cost when sourcing textiles and apparel can be challenging. Many mills operate with horizontal integration, and others have taken a vertically integrated approach. &nbsp;Each of the two approaches has pros and cons to importers&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Textile And Apparel Sourcing Challenges in the Global Economy<\/h2>\n<h2>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p><span>The shift to the global economy of the last few decades has been dramatic. And although many complex factors have driven this change, it is safe to say that cost has been the key factor in many company\u2019s decisions to import raw materials or to manufacture in low-cost regional markets.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The result has been<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/walmart\/secrets\/shots.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a shift in both retail and manufacturing trends worldwide<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;But as the global economic model has matured, it has become apparent that for many industries the shift to offshoring of raw materials, components and finished goods has brought challenges to the \u201clow-cost at all cost\u201d model. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Exploring Vertical VS Horizontal Integration In Textile Mills<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2723484\/Blog%20images\/April%2018\/Vertical%20VS%20Horizontal%20Integration%20In%20Textile%20Mills.jpg\" alt=\"Int\u00e9gration verticale et horizontale dans les usines textiles\" width=\"1138\" height=\"640\" style=\"width: 1138px;\"><\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look in more detail at the pros and cons of each type of integration to importers engaged in textile and apparel sourcing.<\/p>\n<h3>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<h3>Vertically Integrated Textile Mills<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In vertically integrated mills production is managed from start to finish with mills conducting the yarn prep such as carding, drawing and spinning, all the way through weaving\/knitting and the dying and finishing of apparel<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This approach provides several advantages and disadvantages:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pros<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbacrystalball.com\/blog\/strategy\/vertical-horizontal-integration-strategy\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smoothen the supply chain<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The production process is under control of operators and managers qualified and familiar with that company\u2019s products.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase entry barriers for new entrants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time constraints are predictable and therefore can be planned for scheduling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quality can be built into the process to ensure repeatability for quality standards as well as to include quality in the overall cost structure as the product is made rather than a more expensive process of end quality checks after production is finished.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compliance issues and sustainability can be controlled in all production phases.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Cons<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less flexible.<\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As companies strive to supply an economy of scale, the ability to increase or decrease the production of raw materials may be lost.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capital investment costs in machinery and equipment are extensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capacity is fixed, and a large surge in order position can pose production constraints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lot size is less flexible and geared more toward higher volume goods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because capital expense is tied up in acquiring and maintaining equipment,<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbacrystalball.com\/blog\/strategy\/vertical-horizontal-integration-strategy\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">additions of new technology must be reviewed through the lens of short-term ROI<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Horizontally Integrated Textile Mills<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In horizontally integrated mills fabric is often purchased in greige form and \u201cprepared for dying\u201d (PFD) fabric is produced by a different entity or by several entities. These fabrics are often delivered to a single center for dying and then sub-contracted out to other converters\/finishers for printing or finishing, and may even be sent to an additional vendor for packing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pros<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production requirements can be highly flexible to take advantage of lower cost as well as a sudden expansion or retraction in order position.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seasonal or \u201cviral\u201d trends in the market can be responded to quickly with last-minute developments and production for niche or \u201ctrending\u201d items.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A higher degree of innovation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Cons<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quality is often not under close enough control for all phases of production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Price is often the driving force of raw material acquisition at the expense of quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compliance and sustainability are not well controlled.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traceability and tracking of origin and production lots are difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Risks &amp; Control Issues Related To Horizontal Integration<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Horizontal integration can give a company an economy of scale and leverage with vendors and suppliers on price, but it does not address many key issues impacting today\u2019s markets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This leaves the loop on traceability open and susceptible to vendor and supplier variances in key raw materials and components as the buyer remains focused simply on more market and lower cost without necessarily building stronger vendor compliance and control. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And while control can be established through testing of the final product, the lack of traceability down to the lot can prove more costly, generate more waste and exacerbate compliance and sustainability due to the reactive testing measures that must be taken and the information, such as lot traceability, which may be lost prior to testing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some examples of textile and apparel quality issues affected by lack of traceability may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Process variations for raw materials from one vendor to another may affect production quality in the garment manufacturing location where they are consumed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regional and therefore climate-related variations in natural fibers can result in variations in performance characteristics for the same specification of fabric produced by different suppliers. &nbsp;These variations may cause yarn issues such as slubs, twist variations, coarseness and other yarn characteristics which may affect the fabric at the weaving or knitting phase.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manmade fibers such as polypropylene may exhibit different characteristics vendor to vendor depending on the percent of reworked material processed through the extrusion process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Age of processing equipment and the number of process steps among vendors may lead to like products performing with slightly different characteristics such as temperature or elongation or other properties. &nbsp;For example, a lack of a sanforizing process can result in differential shrinkage, skewing, bow and bias that may manifest itself after cut and sew.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shade variation due to the method of manufacture or contamination issues can result in a company\u2019s inability to mix presumably identical materials in production.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Vertical Integration Succeeds Over Horizontal<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Vertical Integration, the company that owns and controls the factories and sources of material and controls may control other aspects of the supply chain such as logistics and distribution\u00b9.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this type of integration, the parent company controls all phases of production from the inception of design through raw materials, production, and post-processing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By possessing this level of control, the company can require traceability for its apparel products from the initial manufacture of raw materials through to the final product. &nbsp;This can help address two very important issues:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Conformit\u00e9 :<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les entreprises du textile et de l'habillement qui ont opt\u00e9 pour l'int\u00e9gration verticale peuvent int\u00e9grer leur conformit\u00e9 dans la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement du d\u00e9but \u00e0 la fin.  Cela leur permet d'int\u00e9grer le co\u00fbt de la conformit\u00e9 dans le co\u00fbt de leur produit \u00e0 tous les niveaux de la production et de la distribution.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span><br \/>&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Qualit\u00e9 :<span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aussi importante que la conformit\u00e9, la qualit\u00e9 dans les entreprises verticalement int\u00e9gr\u00e9es permet des tests et des contr\u00f4les de qualit\u00e9 rigoureux tout au long du processus.  Comme l'entreprise poss\u00e8de ou contr\u00f4le chaque phase de la cha\u00eene de production du produit, la qualit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9e et certifi\u00e9e en toute confiance \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape. &nbsp;\n<p>En cas de d\u00e9faut de qualit\u00e9, une d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce peut r\u00e9duire le co\u00fbt de la non-conformit\u00e9 en tant que co\u00fbt direct et prot\u00e9ger les co\u00fbts indirects qui pourraient affecter la marque si le produit avait subi un d\u00e9faut de qualit\u00e9 sur le terrain, entre les mains du consommateur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Que faire si votre cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement est int\u00e9gr\u00e9e horizontalement ?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour les entreprises qui adoptent une approche d'int\u00e9gration horizontale lorsqu'elles s'approvisionnent en v\u00eatements ou en textiles, il existe des solutions qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques et \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les probl\u00e8mes sp\u00e9cifiques de qualit\u00e9 des produits finis. Les entreprises internationales qui produisent des volumes importants et proposent des gammes de produits diversifi\u00e9es et \u00e9tendues ont une plus grande motivation et un int\u00e9r\u00eat direct \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler et \u00e0 surveiller leur approvisionnement en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res afin de ma\u00eetriser \u00e0 la fois la qualit\u00e9 et les co\u00fbts. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>De nombreuses entreprises de tests de qualit\u00e9 et d'audit, telles que<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-de-nous\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SGT<\/a>Il existe des outils qui peuvent aider une entreprise \u00e0 \u00e9laborer un plan proactif de gestion des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration horizontale de ses mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et de sa production. Voici quelques-uns des principaux avantages :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/fr\/solutions-daudit-de-la-qualite-des-textiles\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Audit des usines textiles<\/a><span>&nbsp;<\/span>que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re utilise comme fournisseurs de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.  Ces audits permettent de comprendre l'organisation globale de la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement des aspects de la production de niveau 2 et de niveau 1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les usines des fournisseurs peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide de ces audits afin de comprendre les capacit\u00e9s de l'usine et d'identifier les domaines de pr\u00e9occupation et les mesures correctives, soit \u00e0 l'usine, soit en pr\u00e9paration des livraisons entrantes de l'usine du fournisseur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/fr\/conseil-technique-textile\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Des plans d'action correctifs et pr\u00e9ventifs peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9s<\/a><span>&nbsp;<\/span>pour mettre les fournisseurs en conformit\u00e9 d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de la production. Cela permet de pr\u00e9server l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement et de garantir la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es essentielles telles que la durabilit\u00e9 et les informations sur les lots.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aider les usines, les acheteurs et les marques \u00e0 comprendre leurs principales forces et \u00e0 identifier leurs faiblesses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un investissement pr\u00e9coce dans ces plans d'audit, d'\u00e9valuation et d'action corrective permettra de r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9chets et les d\u00e9fauts de qualit\u00e9 des produits \u00e0 des stades ult\u00e9rieurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si le sourcing dans l'\u00e9conomie mondiale restera ax\u00e9 sur les co\u00fbts \u00e0 court terme, l'\u00e9volution des dynamiques et des tendances semble indiquer qu'il n'en sera pas toujours ainsi. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Les go\u00fbts des consommateurs et les pr\u00e9occupations croissantes \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale ont pouss\u00e9 les entreprises int\u00e9gr\u00e9es horizontalement \u00e0 inclure et \u00e0 investir dans des ressources permettant de tester, de g\u00e9rer la qualit\u00e9 et de tracer la production de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate, afin d'am\u00e9liorer la responsabilit\u00e9 globale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Votre point de vue...<\/h3>\n<p>Comment les co\u00fbts de votre cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement vous affectent-ils aujourd'hui ? \u00cates-vous aux prises avec une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement int\u00e9gr\u00e9e horizontalement ou votre approvisionnement et votre production sont-ils plus \u00e9troitement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s ?<\/p>\n<p>N'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 partager vos exp\u00e9riences ou \u00e0 poser vos questions sur ce sujet en laissant un commentaire ci-dessous. Nous sommes \u00e0 votre disposition pour vous r\u00e9pondre.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>{{cta(\u2018df2514bd-21b2-4dd1-a2bb-65d0f0235488\u2019)}}<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b9&nbsp;<em>\"La mode rapide dans un monde plat : Strat\u00e9gies d'approvisionnement global\"<\/em>par Barbara Mihm, Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin, International Business and Economics Research Journal, Juin 2010, Volume 9 Num\u00e9ro 6<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With&nbsp;almost 70% of direct garment cost in textile products coming from raw materials, finding the structure that delivers the lowest cost when sourcing textiles and apparel can be challenging. Many mills operate with horizontal integration, and others have taken a vertically integrated approach. &nbsp;Each of the two approaches has pros and cons to importers&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.5 (Yoast SEO v22.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sourcing Apparel: Vertical VS Horizontal Integration (Pros &amp; Cons) - SgT, The Textile Quality Experts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sgtgroup.net\/fr\/sourcing-habillement-integration-verticale-vs-horizontale-avantages-inconvenients\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sourcing Apparel: Vertical VS Horizontal Integration (Pros &amp; Cons)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With&nbsp;almost 70% of direct garment cost in textile products coming from raw materials, finding the structure that delivers the lowest cost when sourcing textiles and apparel can be challenging. 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