<\/p>\n
Face \u00e0 cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et au rythme soutenu de l'expansion \u00e9conomique au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, il \u00e9tait \u00e9vident qu'il fallait faire quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de la pollution en Chine. En s'attaquant de front \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me au moyen de nouvelles r\u00e9glementations environnementales strictes, la Chine a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire des progr\u00e8s dans la lutte contre la pollution de l'eau.<\/p>\n
<\/h2>\nIntroduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Dans l'industrie textile chinoise, les entreprises se sont \u00e9galement retrouv\u00e9es sous les feux de la rampe. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nEn tant que premier producteur mondial de textiles, l'industrie a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 l'un des pires pollueurs en termes d'\u00e9missions de carbone et de pollution de l'eau. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nDans un article paru en janvier 2018 dans<\/span> Devex<\/span><\/a>Kurt Kipka, chef de projet senior au Conseil de d\u00e9fense des ressources naturelles (<\/span>NRDC<\/span><\/a>) a attribu\u00e9 1 715 millions de tonnes de dioxyde de carbone, soit 5,4% du total mondial, pour la seule ann\u00e9e 2015. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nM. Kipka a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que ces facteurs font de l'industrie textile l'un des secteurs les plus importants de l'\u00e9conomie europ\u00e9enne.<\/span> les cinq premi\u00e8res industries polluantes<\/span><\/a>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00eame les donn\u00e9es officielles du minist\u00e8re chinois de la protection de l'environnement montrent qu'en 2015, l'industrie textile en Chine \u00e9tait la troisi\u00e8me plus grande source d'eaux us\u00e9es et a rejet\u00e9 10,1%, soit 1,5 million d'euros.<\/span> 1,84 milliard de tonnes d'eaux us\u00e9es<\/span><\/a> les effluents dans l'environnement.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
![\"Chine](\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2723484\/China%20environmental%20policy%20industry%20pollution.jpg\")
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\nS'engager dans le changement<\/strong><\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Depuis l'adoption de la premi\u00e8re loi chinoise sur la protection de l'environnement en 1989, l'\u00e9conomie chinoise a connu des changements rapides et radicaux. <\/span><\/p>\nToutefois, l'adoption d'une loi ne vaut que par l'engagement et l'application qui l'accompagnent. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nEt si la formulation \u00e9tait comparable \u00e0 celle des lois environnementales d'autres pays industrialis\u00e9s, l'\u00e9chec est venu du manque d'application et de responsabilit\u00e9 et de l'engagement \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre une v\u00e9ritable politique environnementale chinoise.<\/span><\/p>\nLorsque la crise s'est aggrav\u00e9e au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, il est devenu \u00e9vident qu'il fallait faire davantage pour s'attaquer au probl\u00e8me global de la pollution et des dommages environnementaux avant que ces dommages ne deviennent irr\u00e9versibles. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nEn cons\u00e9quence, les changements et les r\u00e9visions du droit de l'environnement ont augment\u00e9 d'ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e depuis 2014 afin de mettre en \u0153uvre la surveillance et l'application de l'impact industriel sur l'environnement :<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\nDroit de l'environnement en Chine en 2015<\/strong><\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
Adopt\u00e9es en avril 2014, les r\u00e9visions de la loi chinoise sur l'environnement de 1989 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ues pour commencer \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes d'application et pour int\u00e9grer la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les m\u00e9dias dans le processus par le biais de la sensibilisation et de la transparence.<\/p>\n
Les r\u00e9visions sont entr\u00e9es en vigueur le 1er janvier 2015 et ont port\u00e9 sur plusieurs domaines :<\/p>\n
\n- Clarification des litiges d'int\u00e9r\u00eat public<\/i><\/strong>: La loi de 1989 \u00e9tait vague dans sa formulation quant aux personnes pouvant \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des plaignants dans les affaires de pollution. La nouvelle loi clarifi\u00e9 le processus et la d\u00e9finition<\/a> des personnes susceptibles de porter une affaire devant les tribunaux, augmentant ainsi la probabilit\u00e9 que les juges l'instruisent.<\/li>\n
- Application de la loi :<\/i><\/strong> \u00a0Auparavant, les amendes pour pollution \u00e9taient peu \u00e9lev\u00e9es et d'application irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re, ce qui permettait aux industries en infraction de payer l'amende comme un co\u00fbt d'exploitation plut\u00f4t que d'acheter des \u00e9quipements pour att\u00e9nuer la pollution elle-m\u00eame. La r\u00e9vision a permis d'imposer des amendes journali\u00e8res et a enlev\u00e9 le bouchon<\/a> sur les amendes environnementales, ce qui rend le co\u00fbt de la non-conformit\u00e9 plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Les changements ont \u00e9galement permis d'imposer jusqu'\u00e0 quinze jours de d\u00e9tention aux chefs d'entreprise qui ne respectent pas la loi ou qui contournent intentionnellement les r\u00e9glementations.<\/li>\n
- Transparence<\/i><\/strong>: La r\u00e9vision a \u00e9galement a \u00e9largi et renforc\u00e9 les exigences<\/a> pour les \u00e9tudes d'impact sur l'environnement et a mis les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la pollution \u00e0 la disposition du public. Elle a \u00e9galement mis en place un syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le des \u00e9missions totales de certains polluants et cr\u00e9\u00e9 des exigences pour les plans de contr\u00f4le d'urgence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\nDroit de l'environnement en Chine en 2016<\/strong><\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
Alors que les nouvelles lois et r\u00e9glementations commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 s'imposer, l'ann\u00e9e 2016 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des changements au niveau de la participation, de la sensibilisation et de la responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Avec l'entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la nouvelle loi sur la protection de l'environnement, plusieurs tendances se sont dessin\u00e9es :<\/p>\n
\n- Action des autorit\u00e9s locales et r\u00e9gionales<\/i><\/strong>: Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les r\u00e9visions se mettaient en place, les gouvernements locaux et provinciaux ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s'impliquer davantage, la plupart d'entre eux fournissant une assistance technique. rapport environnemental<\/a> pour leur r\u00e9gion et de nombreuses provinces ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des plans de protection de l'environnement. Les d\u00e9penses de ces collectivit\u00e9s locales pour des initiatives de protection de l'environnement ont \u00e9galement augment\u00e9.<\/li>\n
- Application de la loi et tribunaux<\/i><\/strong>: Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que la compr\u00e9hension des nouvelles lois devenait plus claire, les tribunaux ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 accepter des affaires fond\u00e9es sur la nouvelle LPE \u00e0 un taux de 2,5 fois le taux<\/a> des ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. En outre, les actions directes prises en plus de 22 000<\/a> cases brought before courts in 2016 included equipment seizures (44%), work stoppage (25%), daily fines (4%), detentions (18%) and in some cases, criminal charges (9%).<\/li>\n
- The Paris Accord<\/i><\/strong>: In September of 2016 China fully committed to the Paris accord and set forth intentions to reduce fossil fuel use by 20%.<\/li>\n
- Environmental Impact Assessment<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0This change strengthened penalties and simplified the process to peg penalties to the overall value of the project cost. \u00a0Penalties could be levied for up to 5% of the total project cost, a considerable amount for large-scale projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\nChina environmental law in 2017<\/strong><\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
This year saw changes to the law that began to specifically target certain types of pollution and increase penalties for non-compliance:<\/p>\n
\n- Construction<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0Revisions were added for construction firms requiring an environmental impact study<\/a>. \u00a0Local governments were tasked with the responsibility of reviewing and approving the study and assuring compliance.<\/li>\n
- Local Accountability<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0Additional changes in 2017 put the focus on local government officials making them accountable for assuring full implementation of the EPL law and regulations by businesses. \u00a0Local and provincial officials could now be held directly accountable for environmental issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\nChina environmental law in 2018<\/strong><\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
As 2018 dawned, additional revisions and restrictions were made to existing law to further strengthen the China environmental policy:<\/p>\n
\n- Environmental Protection Tax Law<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0This law replaced the emissions discharge fee and moved all tax proceeds to the local government<\/a>. \u00a0Local and provincial governments may set rates applicable to their conditions to promote compliance and fund initiatives.<\/li>\n
- Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0This law defines responsibilities for government officials along the waterway and holds them jointly responsible for pollution control and maintenance. \u00a0The law is designed to encourage officials to pool resources to work toward environmental control instead of addressing only the concerns for their specific area. \u00a0The law also vastly increased fines for illegal discharge into a waterway.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/h2>\nThe Environmental Protection Law\u2019s Impact on Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
![\"Politique](\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2723484\/China%20environmental%20policy%20textile%20industry.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
As China\u2019s new environmental policy matures and as companies, state and provincial governments, and civic organizations begin to gain experience in their new roles there has been a resulting impact on the textile industry. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThe stringency of the laws and regulations are such that whole industrial sections of cities or regions are being temporarily shut down for inspection. <\/span><\/p>\nOfficials can conduct surprise inspections to assess compliance and those companies found in violation may find themselves subject to heavy fines, production curtailment, equipment seizure and work stoppage and in extreme cases where flagrant violations are found, company executives and principals can be detained or even charged criminally.<\/span><\/p>\nAs companies rush to become compliant with ever-increasing statutory stringency, production costs have increased as well. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nCapital must be expended to upgrade equipment, training must be conducted for staff, and the costs are being passed down to consumers. <\/span><\/p>\nMoreover, if the upgrades and training must take place during a production limitation or work stoppage due to inspection, the entire supply chain is threatened as mills<\/span> struggle to meet quoted lead times<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\nThe additional impact to textile enterprises include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- \u00a0<\/span> Over 90% of China\u2019s textile companies are small to medium enterprises (SME). \u00a0With only a three-year deadline to meet water pollution targets, many of these companies will not be able to raise the capital expenditures required to upgrade their equipment. \u00a0That deadline drops to two years for those companies that reside in a water-challenged area where currently<\/span> 80% of China\u2019s yarn and cloth<\/span><\/a> are made.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u00a0<\/span> China\u2019s environmental policy has placed textiles in a list of industries that are required to develop \u201c<\/span>circular economies<\/span><\/a>\u201d. \u00a0In this model, the industry focusses on reuse, remanufacture and on completely closing the loop so that little is lost in the way of resources. \u00a0This represents not only an increased cost but an entirely new paradigm for manufacturing and how goods are sourced and produced. When coupled with daunting capital expenditure requirements, many firms are facing higher costs and in some cases, consolidation with other firms to share costs or closure if the company cannot take on the additional burdens to meet the requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u00a0<\/span> Public reputation may suffer if<\/span> litigation by NGOs<\/span><\/a> progresses after a complaint or published lack of compliance. \u00a0The result could affect brand awareness for end-use consumers and impact the entire supply chain and profit structure as customers abandon the brand in favor of greener and more sustainable goods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/h2>\nMeeting the Challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
China\u2019s new environmental policy represents a major shift in pollution mitigation and control. There are, however, proactive steps that textile manufacturers and importers can take to achieve compliance:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Understand the EPL<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0A key step for all companies should be in understanding the Environmental Protection Law and all the year over year changes and being vigilant to additional changes as they occur. \u00a0This not only applies to the national law but also to local municipal and regional differences as well. The 2018 Environmental Protection Tax Law and the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law as well as other regulations adopted in the last four years allow regional and local differences that could result in higher standards than those required by the national law. \u00a0Understanding the law will reduce the chance of a company making a good faith but costly mistake.<\/li>\n
- Assess the Company\u2019s Financial Position<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0As most textile companies in China are SMEs, a full understanding of what a company can financially accomplish ahead of deadlines will help define their path. \u00a0Relocation, mergers and strategic outsourcing through a compliant company outside of China could reduce the burden of a looming deadline and allow a company to allocate scarce funds wisely to more critical aspects of moving to compliance.<\/li>\n
- Partner with and Centralize Abatement<\/i><\/strong>: \u00a0As one of the most water-intensive industries, textile companies may find some help by locating within industrial parks with a centralized water treatment facility. \u00a0While not a panacea, this allows the company to operate within an area designed to address pollution on a scale with large manufacturing facilities and prevents the burden from falling onto a single entity. \u00a0It is more controllable and more cost-efficient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h3>\nVous souhaitez en savoir plus sur la mani\u00e8re dont SgT peut vous aider \u00e0
\ndevenir plus durable ?<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
China is moving aggressively away from a passive environmental policy that existed mostly in name only prior to 2015. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nChina\u2019s Environmental Protection Law and environmental policy today has the teeth to make it work in a way that will impact the environment as well as all industry within the country. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Dans l'industrie textile chinoise, les entreprises se sont \u00e9galement retrouv\u00e9es sous les feux de la rampe. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n En tant que premier producteur mondial de textiles, l'industrie a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 l'un des pires pollueurs en termes d'\u00e9missions de carbone et de pollution de l'eau. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Dans un article paru en janvier 2018 dans<\/span> Devex<\/span><\/a>Kurt Kipka, chef de projet senior au Conseil de d\u00e9fense des ressources naturelles (<\/span>NRDC<\/span><\/a>) a attribu\u00e9 1 715 millions de tonnes de dioxyde de carbone, soit 5,4% du total mondial, pour la seule ann\u00e9e 2015. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n M. Kipka a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que ces facteurs font de l'industrie textile l'un des secteurs les plus importants de l'\u00e9conomie europ\u00e9enne.<\/span> les cinq premi\u00e8res industries polluantes<\/span><\/a>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00eame les donn\u00e9es officielles du minist\u00e8re chinois de la protection de l'environnement montrent qu'en 2015, l'industrie textile en Chine \u00e9tait la troisi\u00e8me plus grande source d'eaux us\u00e9es et a rejet\u00e9 10,1%, soit 1,5 million d'euros.<\/span> 1,84 milliard de tonnes d'eaux us\u00e9es<\/span><\/a> les effluents dans l'environnement.<\/span><\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n Depuis l'adoption de la premi\u00e8re loi chinoise sur la protection de l'environnement en 1989, l'\u00e9conomie chinoise a connu des changements rapides et radicaux. <\/span><\/p>\n Toutefois, l'adoption d'une loi ne vaut que par l'engagement et l'application qui l'accompagnent. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Et si la formulation \u00e9tait comparable \u00e0 celle des lois environnementales d'autres pays industrialis\u00e9s, l'\u00e9chec est venu du manque d'application et de responsabilit\u00e9 et de l'engagement \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre une v\u00e9ritable politique environnementale chinoise.<\/span><\/p>\n Lorsque la crise s'est aggrav\u00e9e au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, il est devenu \u00e9vident qu'il fallait faire davantage pour s'attaquer au probl\u00e8me global de la pollution et des dommages environnementaux avant que ces dommages ne deviennent irr\u00e9versibles. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n En cons\u00e9quence, les changements et les r\u00e9visions du droit de l'environnement ont augment\u00e9 d'ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e depuis 2014 afin de mettre en \u0153uvre la surveillance et l'application de l'impact industriel sur l'environnement :<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adopt\u00e9es en avril 2014, les r\u00e9visions de la loi chinoise sur l'environnement de 1989 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ues pour commencer \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes d'application et pour int\u00e9grer la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les m\u00e9dias dans le processus par le biais de la sensibilisation et de la transparence.<\/p>\n Les r\u00e9visions sont entr\u00e9es en vigueur le 1er janvier 2015 et ont port\u00e9 sur plusieurs domaines :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Alors que les nouvelles lois et r\u00e9glementations commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 s'imposer, l'ann\u00e9e 2016 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des changements au niveau de la participation, de la sensibilisation et de la responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n Avec l'entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la nouvelle loi sur la protection de l'environnement, plusieurs tendances se sont dessin\u00e9es :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This year saw changes to the law that began to specifically target certain types of pollution and increase penalties for non-compliance:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n As 2018 dawned, additional revisions and restrictions were made to existing law to further strengthen the China environmental policy:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n \n As China\u2019s new environmental policy matures and as companies, state and provincial governments, and civic organizations begin to gain experience in their new roles there has been a resulting impact on the textile industry. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The stringency of the laws and regulations are such that whole industrial sections of cities or regions are being temporarily shut down for inspection. <\/span><\/p>\n Officials can conduct surprise inspections to assess compliance and those companies found in violation may find themselves subject to heavy fines, production curtailment, equipment seizure and work stoppage and in extreme cases where flagrant violations are found, company executives and principals can be detained or even charged criminally.<\/span><\/p>\n As companies rush to become compliant with ever-increasing statutory stringency, production costs have increased as well. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Capital must be expended to upgrade equipment, training must be conducted for staff, and the costs are being passed down to consumers. <\/span><\/p>\n Moreover, if the upgrades and training must take place during a production limitation or work stoppage due to inspection, the entire supply chain is threatened as mills<\/span> struggle to meet quoted lead times<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n The additional impact to textile enterprises include:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n China\u2019s new environmental policy represents a major shift in pollution mitigation and control. There are, however, proactive steps that textile manufacturers and importers can take to achieve compliance:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n China is moving aggressively away from a passive environmental policy that existed mostly in name only prior to 2015. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n China\u2019s Environmental Protection Law and environmental policy today has the teeth to make it work in a way that will impact the environment as well as all industry within the country. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n
S'engager dans le changement<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/h3>\n
<\/h3>\n
Droit de l'environnement en Chine en 2015<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/h3>\n
<\/h3>\n
Droit de l'environnement en Chine en 2016<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/h3>\n
<\/h3>\n
China environmental law in 2017<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/h3>\n
<\/h3>\n
China environmental law in 2018<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/h2>\n
The Environmental Protection Law\u2019s Impact on Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>\n
Meeting the Challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
<\/h3>\n
Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur la mani\u00e8re dont SgT peut vous aider \u00e0
\ndevenir plus durable ?<\/h3>\n