{"id":3418,"date":"2022-05-22T21:40:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-22T21:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgtgroup.net\/sourcing-apparel-vertical-vs-horizontal-integration-pros-cons\/"},"modified":"2024-05-11T10:05:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T10:05:12","slug":"aprovisionamiento-de-ropa-integracion-vertical-vs-horizontal-pros-contras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sgtgroup.net\/es\/aprovisionamiento-de-ropa-integracion-vertical-vs-horizontal-pros-contras\/","title":{"rendered":"Aprovisionamiento de prendas de vestir: Integraci\u00f3n vertical VS horizontal (pros y contras)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>Con&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sourcemygarment.com\/blog-posts\/fibres-to-fabric-the-cost-of-fabric-production\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">casi 70% de coste directo de confecci\u00f3n en productos textiles procedentes de materias primas<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encontrar la estructura que ofrezca el coste m\u00e1s bajo a la hora de abastecerse de productos textiles y prendas de vestir puede ser todo un reto. Muchas f\u00e1bricas operan con integraci\u00f3n horizontal, y otras han adoptado un enfoque de integraci\u00f3n vertical.  Cada uno de estos enfoques tiene sus pros y sus contras para los importadores...<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Los retos del aprovisionamiento textil y de la confecci\u00f3n en la econom\u00eda mundial<\/h2>\n<h2>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p><span>El paso a la econom\u00eda global de las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas ha sido espectacular. Y aunque son muchos y complejos los factores que han impulsado este cambio, se puede afirmar que el coste ha sido el factor clave en la decisi\u00f3n de muchas empresas de importar materias primas o fabricar en mercados regionales de bajo coste.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El resultado ha sido<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/walmart\/secrets\/shots.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">un cambio en las tendencias de venta al por menor y fabricaci\u00f3n en todo el mundo<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;Pero a medida que el modelo econ\u00f3mico mundial ha ido madurando, se ha hecho evidente que para muchas industrias el cambio hacia la deslocalizaci\u00f3n de materias primas, componentes y productos acabados ha planteado retos al modelo de \"bajo coste a toda costa\". &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Integraci\u00f3n vertical y horizontal en las f\u00e1bricas textiles<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2723484\/Blog%20images\/April%2018\/Vertical%20VS%20Horizontal%20Integration%20In%20Textile%20Mills.jpg\" alt=\"Vertical VS Horizontal Integration In Textile Mills\" width=\"1138\" height=\"640\" style=\"width: 1138px;\"><\/p>\n<p>Veamos con m\u00e1s detalle los pros y los contras de cada tipo de integraci\u00f3n para los importadores que se dedican al aprovisionamiento textil y de confecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h3>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<h3>F\u00e1bricas textiles integradas verticalmente<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En las f\u00e1bricas integradas verticalmente, la producci\u00f3n se gestiona de principio a fin, desde la preparaci\u00f3n del hilo (cardado, estirado e hilado) hasta la tejedur\u00eda, pasando por la tintura y el acabado de las prendas.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este enfoque presenta varias ventajas e inconvenientes:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pros<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbacrystalball.com\/blog\/strategy\/vertical-horizontal-integration-strategy\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facilitar la cadena de suministro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. El proceso de producci\u00f3n est\u00e1 bajo el control de operarios y directivos cualificados y familiarizados con los productos de esa empresa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aumentar las barreras de entrada para los nuevos operadores.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las limitaciones de tiempo son predecibles y, por tanto, pueden planificarse para su programaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La calidad puede integrarse en el proceso para garantizar la repetibilidad de las normas de calidad, as\u00ed como para incluir la calidad en la estructura general de costes a medida que se fabrica el producto, en lugar de un proceso m\u00e1s costoso de controles de calidad finales una vez terminada la producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las cuestiones de conformidad y sostenibilidad pueden controlarse en todas las fases de producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Contras<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Menos flexible.<\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A medida que las empresas se esfuerzan por ofrecer una econom\u00eda de escala, puede perderse la capacidad de aumentar o disminuir la producci\u00f3n de materias primas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los costes de inversi\u00f3n en maquinaria y equipos son elevados.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La capacidad es fija, y un gran aumento de la posici\u00f3n de pedidos puede plantear problemas de producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El tama\u00f1o de los lotes es menos flexible y est\u00e1 m\u00e1s orientado a las mercanc\u00edas de mayor volumen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Porque los gastos de capital est\u00e1n vinculados a la adquisici\u00f3n y mantenimiento de equipos,<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbacrystalball.com\/blog\/strategy\/vertical-horizontal-integration-strategy\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">las incorporaciones de nueva tecnolog\u00eda deben revisarse a trav\u00e9s de la lente del ROI a corto plazo<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>F\u00e1bricas textiles integradas horizontalmente<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En las f\u00e1bricas integradas horizontalmente, el tejido suele comprarse en crudo y el tejido \"preparado para la tintura\" (PFD) es producido por una entidad diferente o por varias entidades. A menudo, estos tejidos se entregan a un \u00fanico centro para el te\u00f1ido y luego se subcontratan a otros transformadores\/acabadores para el estampado o el acabado, e incluso pueden enviarse a un proveedor adicional para el embalaje.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pros<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los requisitos de producci\u00f3n pueden ser muy flexibles para aprovechar un menor coste, as\u00ed como una repentina expansi\u00f3n o retracci\u00f3n en la posici\u00f3n de pedido.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se puede responder r\u00e1pidamente a las tendencias estacionales o \"virales\" del mercado con desarrollos de \u00faltima hora y producci\u00f3n para art\u00edculos nicho o \"de moda\".<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un mayor grado de innovaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Contras<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A menudo, la calidad no est\u00e1 suficientemente controlada en todas las fases de la producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El precio suele ser el motor de la adquisici\u00f3n de materias primas en detrimento de la calidad.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El cumplimiento y la sostenibilidad no est\u00e1n bien controlados.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La trazabilidad y el seguimiento del origen y los lotes de producci\u00f3n son dif\u00edciles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Riesgos y problemas de control relacionados con la integraci\u00f3n horizontal<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La integraci\u00f3n horizontal puede dar a una empresa una econom\u00eda de escala y un efecto multiplicador con los vendedores y proveedores en materia de precios, pero no resuelve muchos problemas clave que afectan a los mercados actuales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esto deja el bucle de la trazabilidad abierto y susceptible a las variaciones de vendedores y proveedores en materias primas y componentes clave, ya que el comprador sigue centrado simplemente en un mayor mercado y un menor coste, sin crear necesariamente un mayor cumplimiento y control de los proveedores. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y aunque el control puede establecerse mediante pruebas del producto final, la falta de trazabilidad hasta el lote puede resultar m\u00e1s costosa, generar m\u00e1s residuos y agravar el cumplimiento y la sostenibilidad debido a las medidas de prueba reactivas que deben tomarse y a la informaci\u00f3n, como la trazabilidad del lote, que puede perderse antes de las pruebas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algunos ejemplos de problemas de calidad del textil y la confecci\u00f3n afectados por la falta de trazabilidad pueden ser:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las variaciones de proceso de las materias primas de un proveedor a otro pueden afectar a la calidad de la producci\u00f3n en el lugar de confecci\u00f3n donde se consumen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las variaciones regionales y, por tanto, clim\u00e1ticas de las fibras naturales pueden dar lugar a variaciones en las caracter\u00edsticas de rendimiento de la misma especificaci\u00f3n de tejido producida por diferentes proveedores.  Estas variaciones pueden causar problemas en los hilos, como desgarros, variaciones de torsi\u00f3n, tosquedad y otras caracter\u00edsticas del hilo que pueden afectar al tejido en la fase de tejido o de punto.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las fibras artificiales, como el polipropileno, pueden presentar caracter\u00edsticas diferentes de un proveedor a otro en funci\u00f3n del porcentaje de material reelaborado procesado mediante el proceso de extrusi\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La antig\u00fcedad de los equipos de procesado y el n\u00famero de pasos del proceso entre proveedores pueden dar lugar a que productos similares presenten caracter\u00edsticas ligeramente diferentes, como la temperatura o el alargamiento u otras propiedades.  Por ejemplo, la falta de un proceso de sanforizaci\u00f3n puede dar lugar a un encogimiento diferencial, inclinaci\u00f3n, curvatura y sesgo que pueden manifestarse despu\u00e9s del corte y cosido.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las variaciones de tonalidad debidas al m\u00e9todo de fabricaci\u00f3n o a problemas de contaminaci\u00f3n pueden hacer que una empresa no pueda mezclar materiales presumiblemente id\u00e9nticos en la producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El \u00e9xito de la integraci\u00f3n vertical frente a la horizontal<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En la integraci\u00f3n vertical, la empresa que posee y controla las f\u00e1bricas y las fuentes de material puede controlar otros aspectos de la cadena de suministro, como la log\u00edstica y la distribuci\u00f3n\u00b9.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En este tipo de integraci\u00f3n, la empresa matriz controla todas las fases de la producci\u00f3n, desde el inicio del dise\u00f1o hasta las materias primas, la producci\u00f3n y el tratamiento posterior.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By possessing this level of control, the company can require traceability for its apparel products from the initial manufacture of raw materials through to the final product. &nbsp;This can help address two very important issues:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Compliance:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Textile and apparel companies that have moved to vertical integration can build their compliance into the supply chain from beginning to end. &nbsp;This allows them to incorporate the cost of compliance into their product cost at all levels of production and distribution.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>&nbsp;<\/span><br \/>&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quality:<span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As important as compliance, quality in vertically integrated companies allows tight testing and quality control throughout the process. &nbsp;As the company owns or controls each phase of the product production chain, quality can be monitored and confidently certified at each phase. &nbsp;\n<p>In the event of a quality failure, earlier detection can reduce the cost of non-conformance as a direct cost as well as protect indirect costs that could accrue to the brand name had the product suffered quality failure in the field in the hands of the consumer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>What Next If Your Supply Chain Is Horizontally Integrated?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For companies using a horizontally integrated approach when sourcing apparel or textiles, there are solutions that can help reduce the risk and mitigate specific end-product quality concerns. And global companies with large production volumes and diverse and extensive product offerings have higher motivation and vested interest in controlling and monitoring their raw material supply to control both quality and cost. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Many quality testing and audit companies, like<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"\/es\/acerca-de-nosotros\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SgT<\/a>, exist that can assist a company in developing a proactive plan for managing the risks caused by horizontal integration of their raw material and production. Some of the key benefits include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/es\/soluciones-de-auditoria-de-calidad-textil\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Auditing textile mills<\/a><span>&nbsp;<\/span>the parent company uses as raw material suppliers. &nbsp;These audits help understand the overall supply chain organization of tier two and tier one aspects of production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supplier mills can be assessed using these audits to understand the mill\u2019s capabilities and identify areas of concern and corrective action either at the mill or in prep for incoming deliveries from the supplier mill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/es\/asesoramiento-tecnico-textil\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Corrective and preventive action plans can be developed<\/a><span>&nbsp;<\/span>to bring suppliers into compliance in early-stage production. This maintains the integrity of the supply chain and helps assure critical data such as sustainability, and lot information is traceable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support mills, buyers and brands to understand their core strengths and identify their weaknesses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early investment in such audit, assessment and corrective action plans will reduce waste and product quality failures at later stages.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While sourcing in the global economy will remain cost-driven for the near term, evolving dynamics and trends seem to dictate that they won\u2019t always be exclusively so. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Consumer tastes and increasing global concerns have posed a challenge to horizontally integrated companies to include and invest in resources to properly test, quality manage and trace production to improve overall accountability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Your View&#8230;<\/h3>\n<p>How are costs in your supply chain affecting you today? Are you wrestling with a horizontally integrated supply chain, or is your sourcing and production more tightly controlled?<\/p>\n<p>Please share your experiences, or ask any questions you may have on this topic by leaving a comment below. We are on hand to answer you.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>{{cta(&#8216;df2514bd-21b2-4dd1-a2bb-65d0f0235488&#8217;)}}<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b9&nbsp;<em>\u201cFast Fashion in a Flat World: Global Sourcing Strategies\u201d<\/em>, by Barbara Mihm, University of Wisconsin, International Business and Economics Research Journal, June 2010, Volume 9 Number 6<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dado que casi 70% del coste directo de confecci\u00f3n de los productos textiles procede de las materias primas, encontrar la estructura que ofrezca el coste m\u00e1s bajo a la hora de abastecerse de textiles y prendas de vestir puede ser todo un reto. Muchas f\u00e1bricas operan con integraci\u00f3n horizontal, y otras han adoptado un enfoque de integraci\u00f3n vertical.  Cada uno de los dos enfoques tiene pros y contras para los importadores...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.5 (Yoast SEO v22.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sourcing Apparel: Vertical VS Horizontal Integration (Pros &amp; Cons) - SgT, The Textile Quality Experts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sgtgroup.net\/es\/aprovisionamiento-de-ropa-integracion-vertical-vs-horizontal-pros-contras\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sourcing Apparel: Vertical VS Horizontal Integration (Pros &amp; Cons)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With&nbsp;almost 70% of direct garment cost in textile products coming from raw materials, finding the structure that delivers the lowest cost when sourcing textiles and apparel can be challenging. 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